Getting older isn't necessarily a bad thing, and many people age vibrantly and healthily, surrounded by loved ones, purpose, and chosen activities. However, older adults also accumulate risk factors for depressive symptoms, such as medical illness, losing their independence, and the death of loved ones. These common scenarios of old age trigger depression for many older adults, but there are ways to help with this type of clinical depression. In this article, we'll take a closer look at depression symptoms in older adults, how to minimize risk factors, and how to protect mental health in the elder population.
Depression is a serious mental health condition that affects an estimated 1 in 15 adults every year. Clinical depression is a mood disorder and chronic medical condition that can affect the way you feel, act, and think. It can also affect your physical health, increasing the risk of chronic health health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
Depression is not a normal part of aging, and feeling low all the time is not a normal part of the aging process.
Depression is a treatable condition, and seeking help is the first step towards recovery. Untreated clinically significant depressive symptoms can lead to serious consequences, including an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and suicide.
Addressing clinical depression in older adults can be crucial for maintaining their mental and physical health, and improving their quality of life.
Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, can increase the risk of depression in older adults. This is also true of younger adults, but as we age, we are at increased risk of developing these illnesses. Another challenge for older adults is developing sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea, which may also increase risk of depression. Finally, medication side effects can contribute to depressive symptoms.
Having anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, can increase the risk of depression in older adults. Some may have been dealing with undiagnosed anxiety and other mental health issues their whole lives, as mental illness bore more stigma in the past. In addition, cognitive impairment, or dementia, can increase the risk of major depression in older adults.
Social isolation, such as living alone or having limited social contact, can increase the risk of depression in older adults. Eldercare community dwelling older adults are especially at risk for withdrawal when they first leave their homes to go into long term care.
The loss of loved ones, such as the death of a spouse or child, can also be a common contributor to depressive symptoms in older adults.
Some older adults are also stuck taking care of a spouse or other loved one with a chronic health condition. Caregiving responsibilities when caring for a loved one with medical conditions can also increase the risk of depression.
Feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness are common symptoms of depression in older adults. You may also notice a loss of interest in activities, such as hobbies or socializing with friends. Changes in appetite or sleep patterns can also be symptoms of late life depression.
Physical pain, such as headaches or muscle aches, can be a symptom of depression among older adults. Fatigue, such as feeling tired or lacking energy, can also be a symptom of depression. Other depression symptoms like cognitive impairment, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, and forgetfulness may be observed in older adults with depression.
Depression can manifest differently in older adults, many will notice more physical symptoms or less obvious emotional symptoms. Older adults may be more likely to experience depression with anxiety or agitation.
Depression can also be more difficult to diagnose in older adults, as symptoms may be attributed to another medical condition or a chronic health condition.
Depression affects an estimated 1 in 15 adults every year, with older adults being at higher risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most older adults are not clinically depressed, but severe depression is a significant issue for those who suffer from it.
One of the challenges of diagnosing depression in older adults is that depression and dementia share many similar symptoms, including memory problems, sluggish speech and movements, and low motivation. However, depression can be treated with therapy and medication, while dementia is a progressive condition that cannot be reversed.
A comprehensive evaluation, including a physical exam, laboratory tests, and cognitive assessments, can help a professional diagnose depression or dementia under the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-5).
If you are an older adult, or know someone who is, consider protective factors to counteract the potential risk factors for developing major depressive disorder.
Social bonds are incredibly important to mental health. Staying connected with friends and family can help reduce the risk of depression in older adults. Regular social contact, such as phone calls or visits, can help maintain mental health.
Finding meaning and purpose in life can help reduce the risk of depression in older adults. Engaging in activities, such as hobbies or volunteering, can help maintain mental health.
Adopting healthy habits, such as exercise and healthy eating, can help reduce the risk of depression in older adults. Regular exercise, such as walking or swimming, can help maintain mental health. Getting regular and sufficient sleep, and spending time outdoors are also evidence-based practices that support mental health.
If symptoms of depression persist or worsen, it’s essential to seek help from mental health care professionals. A mental health professional can help diagnose depression and develop a treatment plan.
Counseling, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help treat depression in older adults, and in some cases, this may be used in conjunction with antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), to help manage depression symptoms.
Talk to your doctor. A primary care physician can refer you to a mental health professional. You may also visit online directories, such as the American Psychological Association (APA), can also help you find a mental health professional.
Offer emotional support and listen to your loved one with patience and compassion. Encourage your loved one to seek professional help for mental disorders and medical conditions.
Don't neglect your own mental health when supporting others. Seeking mental health support for oneself is essential when caring for a loved one with depression. Taking care of oneself, such as engaging in self-care activities, can help reduce stress and burnout.
Seeking support from online resources can also help. Non-profit groups can provide emotional support and help, including online directories, support groups, and other resources. Some of these include:
Older adults aren't necessarily more prone to mental illness than anyone else, but certain risk factors, such as medical conditions, loss, or a previously undiagnosed mood disorder, can trigger depression in old age. Therapy can help manage the symptoms of late life depression.
At Williamsburg Therapy Group, our team of doctoral-level psychotherapists offers both online and in-person sessions to accommodate a busy life, and allow you to work with a provider that can meet your needs. These professionals have experience treating mental health challenges such as major depression and other mood disorders.
Call today to find a licensed therapist that can address depressive symptoms in older adults and help take control of late-life depression. Don't neglect your mental health needs, whether someone is experiencing old age or younger adults caring for someone with mental health conditions like severe depression. Get the tools you need to treat major depressive disorder and enjoy the vibrant mental health you deserve.