How Do Doctors Diagnose Depression: A Comprehensive Guide

Most of us speak about "feeling depressed" every so often; it's common to have a depressed mood every now and again. But there is a difference between feeling sad and being diagnosed with clinical depression. So what's the difference? And how can we know whether we're just experiencing a depressed mood or major depressive disorder? Let's take a closer look at depression symptoms and what they tell medical and mental health professionals.

Understanding Depression

Depression, also known as major depressive disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. It can affect anyone regardless of age, gender, race, or ethnicity.

Depression can co-occur with other mental disorders or chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and chronic pain. Perinatal depression can occur in those who are pregnant or have recently given birth.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, depression is a serious mental illness that can be life-threatening if left untreated. But the good news is that depression can be treated with a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Recognizing Depression Symptoms

Common symptoms of depression include changes in mood, appetite, sleep, and energy levels. Depression can also involve feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness. Not everyone who is depressed shows all these symptoms, and some people may experience only a few. In some cases, an individual may experience severe symptoms like psychosis symptoms.

Symptoms of depression can vary depending on the individual and can include physical symptoms such as headaches and fatigue. Depression can also manifest differently in men and women, with men more likely to show physical symptoms such as headaches and digestive issues.

The Diagnostic Process

To be diagnosed with depression, a person must have symptoms most of the day, nearly every day, for at least 2 weeks. A mental health professional will assess the person’s symptoms, medical history, and overall health to make a depression diagnosis.

A physical exam and lab tests may be done to rule out other conditions that could be causing the symptoms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) is used to diagnose depression and other mental health conditions, alongside tools like the Beck Depression Inventory. A depression diagnosis can only be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Differential Diagnosis

Depression can be difficult to diagnose, as depressive symptoms are a feature of several other mental health conditions. Depression diagnosed by a mental health professional will first rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms, such as anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. A thorough diagnostic evaluation is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan.

Differential diagnosis is an important step in the diagnostic process to ensure that the correct diagnosis is made, as there are different types of depression, and a depression diagnosis should be accurate to ensure the proper treatment.

Treatment Options for Major Depression

Effective depression treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. The choice of treatment depends on the person’s needs, preferences, and medical situation. Severe depression and persistent depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder may require some time to tweak the treatment plan for depression symptoms.

Treatment-resistant depression is a type of severe depression in which a person does not respond to standard treatments. In such cases, alternative treatments such as brain stimulation therapies like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be considered.

Psychotherapy for Depression

Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, can help people with depression symptoms by teaching them new ways of thinking and behaving. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are two common and effective evidence-based therapies used to treat major depression.

Psychotherapy can be delivered in person or virtually via telehealth. A mental health professional can help individuals with depression develop coping skills and strategies to manage their symptoms.

Medication for Depression

Antidepressants are medications commonly used to treat depression symptoms; they work by changing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain. There are several types of antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

Prescription medications can be effective in treating depression, but they can also have side effects. Your doctor may have to try a few different options and/or dosage amounts to find the right balance for treating your depressive symptoms.

Lifestyle Changes for Depression Management

According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, lifestyle changes can be effective at alleviating the symptoms of depression, and many providers will work with you to make these changes to help treat depression.

Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and adequate sleep can help improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. Mind-body practices such as meditation and progressive muscle relaxation can also help reduce symptoms of depression. Social support from friends and family can also help individuals with depression manage their symptoms.

Coping with Depression

Coping with depression requires a combination of self-care strategies and professional treatment. Individuals with depression can benefit from learning coping skills and strategies to manage their symptoms, and a mental health professional can help individuals with depression develop a coping plan and provide support and guidance.

Support groups can also provide individuals with depression with a sense of community and connection.

Supporting a Loved One with Depression

Supporting a loved one with depression can be challenging, but it is essential to provide emotional support and encouragement. Encourage your loved one to seek professional help and offer to help them find a mental health professional. Listen to your loved one without judgment and offer support and validation, and encourage them to take care of themselves and engage in activities they enjoy.

Clinical Trials for Depression

Clinical trials are research studies that look at new treatments and interventions for depression. Participating in a clinical trial can provide individuals with depression with access to new and innovative treatments, especially if they are experiencing one of the more severe types of depression.

Clinical trials can also help advance our understanding of depression and improve treatment options. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) supports clinical trials for depression and other mental health conditions, and you can find more information on their website.

Depression is a serious mental health condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated, and a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan. Treatment for depression typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes, but with the right treatment and support, individuals with depression can manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Diagnosing and Treating Different Types of Depression in Austin, TX

If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms or have noticed a depressed mood that interferes with your enjoyment of life, talk to your primary care doctor about depression. They can refer you to further care, including working with a therapist to help manage symptoms.

At Williamsburg Therapy Group, our team of doctoral-level Austin depression psychotherapists offers a number of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to talk therapy that offer the tools necessary for learning self-compassion, managing stress, and learning healthy coping skills and habits that can treat depression and any co-morbid mood disorders.

If you, a family member, or someone you love is showing signs of depression that are impacting their mental or physical health, call our service coordinator to be matched with a therapist that can start your depression treatment, support you when you're feeling sad, and offer healthy coping skills and strategies to reduce symptoms and help you live a more fulfilling life.